Pain

Evaluate periop. pain as a risk factor for POD; We recommend adequate pain assessment (and treatment) with a validated scale (NRS/BPS)

ACTION:
Monitor (and treat) pain goal directed with the:

NRS (numeric rating scale; Target: NRS ≤ 4)
BPS (Behavioral Pain Scale) if patient is not able to interact, (Target BPS < 6)
before and after surgery

LITERATURE:

PREOPERATIVE

The SBI recommendations focusing on the pre-surgical period

INTRA-OPERATIVE

The SBI recommendations focusing on the intra-operative period

POSTOPERATIVE

The SBI recommendations focusing on the postoperative period in the PACU and on ward

PERI-OPERATIVE

The SBI recommendation relevant for all peri-operative phases (pre-, intra- and postoperative)